Supervision and Accountability in the Warehouse: The Missing Link.
By Dave Piasecki
Pardon my rant, but a lack of
supervision in the warehouse is more than a minor annoyance of mine. It’s gotten
to the point that not only do many companies lack adequate supervision, they
won’t even recognize supervision as a tool. That’s right, after decades of
brainwashing by the “experts”, supervision has become a bad word. Today it’s all
about “coaching”, “teamwork”, “empowerment”, and “self-directed teams”. So how’s
that working out for you folks?
I’m not saying there’s anything wrong with coaching, teamwork, empowerment, and
self-directed teams—that is, there’s nothing wrong with them provided they don’t
get in the way of effectively running your business. The problem is they often
do get in the way. That’s because once you adopt these feel-good concepts, you
start to build a culture where supervision and discipline are viewed negatively.
The truth is most managers do not like to supervise and discipline workers. This
is normal, and that’s not a bad thing. If they actually enjoyed bossing people
around and disciplining them, it probably wouldn’t be a good idea to give them
that power. But when you take people that don’t particularly enjoy supervising
and disciplining people, and add to that a culture where empowerment and
teamwork are supposed to solve all your problems, you end up with a complete
lack of supervision and accountability.
The missing link.
Supervision and accountability is the missing link because without them, your
business plans, policies, and procedures will not be followed. And things will
gradually get worse. I’m not saying this “may” happen, I’m saying this “will”
happen.
Safety policies are a great example of this because this is an area where a lack
of supervision and accountability is so obvious, yet this situation is common in
most businesses. Why so common? Well, despite the big banner hanging on the wall
that says “Safety First”, it really isn’t. It’s not even second or third.
For example, let’s talk about lift truck safety. OSHA requires lift truck
operators be trained and evaluated to ensure they understand how to safely
operate the equipment. And for the most part, companies do meet this minimum
standard. Their lift truck operators understand the safety policies related to
operating a lift truck. Their supervisors understand the safety policies related
to operating a lift truck. Yet these policies are not followed because the lift
truck operators choose not to follow them and the supervisors and managers
choose not to enforce them. In my experience, this is the norm. I pretty much
expect that when I walk into a warehouse I will observe lift truck operators
breaking the rules in the presence of their supervisor.
When you look into workplace injuries and deaths, you will frequently find that
the injury or death resulted from a worker doing something he should not have
been doing. And while this is then usually blamed on the worker, I would say
that in most cases it is more likely the fault of management because it is very
likely the unsafe act that caused the injury or death was “allowed”. That is, it
is unlikely this was the first time that unsafe act occurred. More likely, this
is an act that regularly occurred in the presence of managers and supervisors,
yet no action was taken. So who is really at fault here?
This same thing is happening with your other policies. You can do an excellent
job of error proofing your processes and training your workforce, but without
supervision and accountability, it will not mean a hell of a lot.
Discipline is not a bad thing.
Sometimes you have to discipline a worker. This is so simple it’s somewhat
ridiculous to have to explain it. If a worker knows (through training) what he
is supposed to be doing yet does not do it, what else are you going to do? You
basically have a person that you are paying to perform a particular task, and
that person has made a conscious decision to not do the task the way he was
instructed.
Don’t feel bad for the worker being disciplined, they made their choice. You
have to realize that by not disciplining the worker, you not only cause harm to
your business, but also hurt your good employees. There’s nothing more
aggravating to a good employee that’s following the rules, than having to work
alongside a slacker taking shortcuts and breaking the rules and getting away
with it. Worse yet, this often results in your good employees having to work
harder to make up for the slacker(s).
To be honest, disciplining employees is not as uncomfortable as it sounds. I’ve
learned that if you make it very clear (through training) how the worker is to
perform his job, and what will happen if the rules are not followed,
disciplining the employee is pretty straightforward. In almost all cases, they
know it’s coming, and while I wouldn’t go so far as to say it was painless, it’s
really not that big of a deal. The worker should go away realizing that there
are consequences for not following policies, but also that if they choose to
follow the rules, everything will be fine.
Accountability goes all the way to the top.
I’ll make this simple. If a worker doesn’t do his job as instructed, he should
be disciplined. If his supervisor doesn’t discipline him, his supervisor should
be disciplined. If the supervisor’s boss doesn’t discipline the supervisor, he
should be disciplined.
Disciplining a worker for not performing his job is not a choice, it is a
requirement.
Let the machines do it?
The lack of enthusiasm towards supervision has resulted in an industry of
products that help to either monitor employees’ activities or force compliance
to policies and procedures. I have mixed feelings towards these products because
some of them are very useful, while others are just used as an excuse to avoid
face-to-face supervision of employees, and still others are a complete waste of
money because they simply don’t work as advertised.
Impact switches are an example of a device designed to help to enforce safe
operation of lift trucks. The idea is that the device reacts to impacts/jolts.
These things have been around for decades and historically were set up so that
when an impact occurs, an alarm on the truck sounds and only the supervisor has
the key or code to reset the device. Damage to racking, product, and other
equipment due to lift truck accidents is common in warehouses and can be very
annoying to warehouse managers because lift truck operators rarely own up to the
incident. So with the impact switch, whenever one of your drivers hits
something, you hear the alarm and get to run over and say “Gotcha!”
Well, that’s the theory anyway. The reality is that these things go off all the
time due to normal operation of the lift truck. Cracks or expansion joints in
the floor, transitions between portions of the building, loading dock
transitions, and debris on the floor (such as a broken piece of a pallet) can
all set the device off. So the warehouse manager constantly has to run out to
turn off the alarms. Eventually, these devices are either shut off or the
sensitivity on the devices is adjusted down to the point where they no longer
give false alarms—unfortunately they no longer trigger on many actually impacts
either. It’s actually kind of funny because these things sell like crazy, but I
would guess that most of them are shut off or adjusted down to a point where
they are essentially ineffective within the first 60 days of use.
In recent years I have seen some more sophisticated applications of impact
switches that do things like log the impacts (rather than triggering an alarm)
and even log the location of the impact so that if damage is found, you can go
through the logs to track down the culprit. And while I’m intrigued by these
more practical applications of technology, I think the need for these devices
can be pretty much eliminated if you just addressed the unsafe manner in which
these lift trucks are obviously being operated. So rather than being able to say
“Gotcha!” to the person that just caused a bunch of damage, you avoid the damage
in the first place by supervising the workers and taking action when they are
observed driving in an unsafe manner.
And don’t even get me started on the devices designed to prevent unauthorized
employee use of equipment. Uh-oh, too late. Here’s the deal, if you tell your
employees they will lose their job if they use a piece of equipment they are not
authorized to use, and you mean it, and they know you mean it, they will not use
the equipment. That’s really all it takes.
It doesn't take much.
My previous statement related to unauthorized use of equipment is one example of
this, but I think this is a point that managers often fail to appreciate. They
look at their operation and workforce and find that almost everyone is doing
something wrong. They are overwhelmed at the thought of having to be constantly
monitoring and chasing down all these workers to correct or discipline them,
while at the same time trying to fulfill all their other responsibilities.
What they fail to understand is how much time they are dedicating to deal with
the results of this lack of control, but more importantly, that they don’t need
to be constantly monitoring and disciplining employees. Everyone is doing
something wrong because you are allowing them to. Once your workforce realizes
you are serious about them following policies and procedures, everything
changes. It’s amazing how easy this is to accomplish and just how fast things
change.
Carrots and sticks?
I’ve talked about discipline (the stick), so what about incentives (carrots)?
I’m a big proponent of using incentive programs for productivity and/or
accuracy/quality where workers are rewarded for performing above and beyond the
base standard. But you shouldn’t need to “reward” workers for simply following
the rules. For example, with safety, I don’t really see how you can have “safer”
workers. You have workers that follow the safety practices you put forth (the
rules) and those that don’t. Those that don’t shouldn’t be working for you.
Those that do are just doing their jobs. I think the same applies for all other
policies and procedures in your organization. Following policies and procedures
is really the bare minimum standard for employment. Save the rewards for
something else.
What's different about supervision in the
warehouse?
For the most part, supervision is supervision. However, in a warehouse
environment you do have the added challenge of monitoring workers that are
constantly moving around the warehouse. In most very large warehouses and many
smaller ones it's a good idea to have a policy that restricts the travel of
workers to only the areas their responsibilities require them to be in. This
cuts down quite a bit on productivity lost to "visiting", prevents injuries that
occur when people are hanging out in areas they are not trained in, and also is
a big step in helping to prevent theft. It's also a good idea in these
environments to occasionally stop people as they're moving through the warehouse
and ask them what they are doing (assuming it's not obvious). If your workers
know you do this on a regular basis, they will not be offended by it.
An issue I frequently encounter in very small warehouses is a result of "the boss" not being a warehouse guy (or gal). It's not uncommon in these smaller operations for the warehouse personnel to report the the branch manager, office manager, or even someone in sales. These people tend to have no clue about the actual work that goes on in the warehouse and are therefore a bit intimated by it. So basically they're afraid to tell the warehouse workers how to do their jobs or to discipline them if they don't. If you're in this position, you need to get at least some basic warehouse training. You don't need to be an expert and you need to accept the fact that the people in the warehouse know more about it than you do, but that doesn't mean you can't effectively supervise them.
Dave's supervision tips.
Supervision just comes down to making sure people do what they are supposed to
do. It's really not all that complicated, but here are some pointers based on
what I have learned over the years.
Training.
People can’t do what they’re supposed to do unless they clearly understand what they’re supposed to do. That’s where training comes in. Training starts with clearly documented policies and procedures. Without documented policies and procedures, you are unlikely to get thorough and consistent training, and are going to have a hard time holding people accountable because you’ll never be sure they were given the proper information.
While you don’t need to cover every excruciating detail in your documentation, you want to make sure you cover the critical details and especially those aspects of the task that you have historically had issues with people following consistently.
Clearly communicated consequences.
Your subordinates need to clearly understand what the consequences will be if they do or fail to do something. All violations are not necessarily equal, if this is the case in your operation, the differences should be clearly communicated. For example, a common approach for disciplining employees is a warning for the first offence, followed by a suspension for the second offence, followed by dismissal for the third offence. However, there may be some violations that justify immediate dismissal. This should all be communicated to the employees.
Just the act of communicating consequences to the employees can do a lot for getting them to follow policies and procedures. In addition, it makes disciplining employees much less traumatic since everyone involves knows what is going to happen.
Testing
Training isn’t complete until you are certain the employees understand the policies and procedures. The best way to determine this is to test them. A written test not only verifies their knowledge, but also provides you with documentation that they understand the policies and procedures. So now your employees know that you know that they know the right way to do their job. Don’t underestimate the power of this.
A written test shouldn’t be difficult. You’re not trying to make them fail, you’re just trying to verify that they understand the policies and procedures. Depending on the task, you may also need to actually observe them performing a task as part of the test.
Monitoring for compliance.
This is the “supervision” part of supervising. But this doesn’t mean you need to have supervisors constantly watching the workers. I’ve never worked in an environment where supervisors just supervised, nor do I think this is necessary. Working supervisors (supervisors that have other tasks to perform) only need to be present and alert. They don’t need to see everything; they only need to be able to occasionally look around to see if things are being done properly. This, combined with some random inspections is really all you need.
Fairness and consistency.
This is what separates the good managers and supervisors from the lousy ones. Fairness means the same violation receives the same discipline regardless of who the employee is. Consistency means that every time a violation is observed, an action is taken. That’s all there is to it.
Discipline the action, not the result.The natural inclination of bad managers is to have a hissy fit whenever something bad happens. Some product is found damaged due to a forklift impact, or a “big customer” calls all pissed off about a screwed up order, so the boss gets all red in the face and disciplines the at-fault employee in a big way. At the same time, many of the other workers are doing the exact same things that led to these problems, only they are getting away with it because the orders they screwed up didn’t result in a big customer making a big deal out of it, or, even though they are driving the forklift around like a maniac they haven’t been caught hitting anything yet.
If you really want to avoid bad things happening, you need to address the actions that result in bad things happening. That means monitoring your operations and taking immediate actions when someone is observed acting in a way that conflicts with your policies and procedures.
It’s part of your job.For the most part, you shouldn’t need to make decisions related to disciplining employees. If a violation occurs, it is your job to take the appropriate action, and the appropriate action should have been clearly communicated previously. There’s really no struggling with the uncomfortable aspect of disciplining employees when you accept this. You either do your job or you don’t.
Don't be a dick.
Being in a position of authority doesn't make you better than anyone else, and acting like it does just confirms that the opposite is true. So while people technically work below you, there’s no need to treat them like they are beneath you.
Well that's it. I hope I've convinced some of you of the
importance supervision and accountability plays in
running your warehouse (or any
other part of your business). It's often the primary difference between a
chaotic mess you are ashamed to be associated with, and an orderly operation you
can be proud of.
Dave Piasecki, CPIM is owner/operator of Inventory Operations Consulting LLC, a consulting firm providing services related to inventory management, material handling, and warehouse operations to manufacturers and distributors in Southeast Wisconsin and Northeast Illinois, and author of the books Inventory Management Explained and Inventory Accuracy: People Processes, and Technology. He has over 20 years experience in warehousing and inventory management and can be reached through his website (http://www.inventoryops.com), where he maintains additional relevant information and links
Copyright © 2009 David J Piasecki